Environmental Impact of Nonbiodegradable Management in Nigeria
Authors
Agbalala Ebi Hitler (Ph. D)
Deca & Co. Legal Practitioners (Ayibatare Chambers), Block 4, 404 Junction Opposite Duvian Hotels, Abgura, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. (NG)
Calabar E. Daniel Esq.
Deca & Co. Legal Practitioners (Ayibatare Chambers), Block 4, 404 Junction Opposite Duvian Hotels, Abgura, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. (NG)
Article Information
DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1408000029
Subject Category: Environmental Management
Volume/Issue: 14/8 | Page No: 232-240
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2025-08-28
Published: 2025-08-28
Abstract
Abstract: Non-biodegradable waste in Nigeria include: plastic, synthetic rubbers, e-waste, glass polyethene, scrap metals like aluminum, zinc, iron, electronic devices, computer parts, batteries, medical waste. But the most poorly managed of these wastes are plastic, e-waste, and scrap metals. Inadequate management of these wastes lead to land and water pollution; increased the risk of excessive flooding from clog drains, atmospheric carbonization, land degradation. Legislative intervention was made to enhance management of nonbiodegradable waste In Nigeria. Inspect of these laws and policies, non-biodegradable wastes are poorly managed due to lack of adequate funding, corruption, and poor infrastructural development.
This paper finds that nonbiodegradable are not properly managed, thus, usually dumped in open drains, bushes, streets, walkways and litter outside homes. The paper also finds that the most prevalent method of Management of waste in Nigeria including policy is by burning, dumping in open drain and landfills, recycling is still in its infancy.
Keywords
Environmental Management
Downloads
References
1. Books [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Atsegbua, L.A, et al, Environmental Law in Nigeria, Theory and Practice. (Lagos: Ababa Publishers. 2003), [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Isirimah, N.O. Understanding the Nature, Properties and Sources of Wastes for Quality. (Tom and Harry Publications Ltd, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2018) pp.19-22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Anthony A., Plastics and the environment. (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, 2013). pp. 379-397. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Articles [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Binali, A. Y. An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for waste management in kano state, an unpublished master’s project submitted to the postgraduate school. Ahmadu Bello University: Zaria- Nigeria. (2017). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Eneh, O. C. Managing Nigeria’s environment, The unresolved issues. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4 (2011) (3): 250-63. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Obafemi, a a; Eludoyin, o s; Skinbosola, b m, Public Perception of Environmental Pollution in Warri, Nigeria, Journal. Applied. Science. Environ. Manage. Sept., Vol. 16(2) (2012) 233 – 240 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Cave, S.S “Leaner production. Cutting waste by design”. United Nations Environmental Programs (UNEP) Our planet, The magazine of UNEP, vol 2, N0.4 (1990). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Flores M.C., Plastic materials and environmental externalities: Structural causes and corrective policy. Lethbridge Undergraduate Res. Journal (2018) 3(2). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Akinwale A Waste Management in Nigeria Local Governments, (paper presented at the International Conference on Energy, Environment and Disasters INCEED, Charlotte, N.C, USA- July 24-30 2005), [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Ogwueleka, T. C. “Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Management in Nigeria”. Iran. Journal. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., Vol. 6, No. 3, (2009) pp. 173-180. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Widmer R, Oswald-Krapf et al., Global perspectives on e-waste. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2005;25(5):436–458. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.04.001. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Karn B, Kuiken T, Otto M. Nanotechnology and in situ remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117(12):1813–1831. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Dagan R, Dubey B, Bitton G, Townsend T. Aquatic toxicity of leachates generated from electronic devices. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007; 53:168–173. doi: 10.1007/s00244-006-0205-1. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Kelly S, Dagle A. Cytogenetic damage in americium poisoning. N Y State J Med. 1974;74(9):1597–1598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Monika JK. E-waste management: as a challenge to public health in India. Indian J Commun Med. 2010;35(3):382–385. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.69251. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Eneh, O. C. Managing Nigeria’s environment, The unresolved issues: Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, (2011). 4(3): 250-63. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Binali, A. Y. An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for waste management in kano state, (an unpublished master’s project submitted to the postgraduate school). Ahmadu Bello University: Zaria- Nigeria. (2017) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Macauley M, Palmer K, Shih JS. Dealing with electronic waste: modeling the costs and environmental benefits of computer monitor disposal. Journal Environ Manage. 2003;68(1):13–22. doi: 10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00228-1. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Obafemi, a a; Eludoyin, o s; Skinbosola, b m, Public Perception of Environmental Pollution in Warri, Nigeria: Journal. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Sept., 2012 Vol. 16(2) 233 – 240 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Oguntosin, O.O. Achieving vision 20: 2020 through waste produce candle. Journal Eng. Appl. Sci. 2020, 3, 642-646. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Edoga, M.O.; Onyeji, L.I.; Oguntosin, O.O. Achieving vision 20: 2020 through waste produce candle. Journal Eng. Appl. Sci. 2008, 3, 642-646. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Reddy MS, Reddy PS, Subbaiah GV, Subbaiah HV. Effect of plastic pollution on environment. Journal Chemic Pharm Sci 2017:28–9. Search in Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Souhrada L. Reusables revisited as medical waste adds up. Hospitals Journal 1988;62(20):82. Search in Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Jose GBD. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 2002; 44:842–52. Search in Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Thompson RC, Moore CJ, vom Saal FS, Swan SH. Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends. Phil Trans R Soc B. Biol Sci 2009; 364:2153–66. Search in Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Anthony LA, Mike AN. Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (2009) 364:1977–84. Search in Google Scholar [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Websites Sources [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/waste management/fil. (2010) Retrieved 04/02/2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Free Encyclopedia (2010). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/waste management/file. Retrieved 04/02/2022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Sun news online: Investing in scrap metal recycling 26th June 2018, also available on https://www.sunnewsonline.com/investing-in-scrap-metal-recycling/ accessed March 5, 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. 3R approach https://www.nema.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37&Itemid=180 accessed March 8, 2021 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. The National Population Policy 2000, via https://www.prb.org/indiaproposesretooledpopulationpolicy/#:~:text=The%20National%20Population%20Policy%202000,social%20development%2C%20and%20environmental%20protection. Accessed March 19, 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Smita Mohanty, UNIDO Report- Recycling of Plastics in Indian perspective (2019) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India accessed March 24, 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. https://www.motherearthliving.com/health-and-wellness/harmful-effects-of-plasticze0z1205zsch accessed June 14, 2022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. International Centre For Investigative Reporting (2019) https://www.icirnigeria.org/ accessed March 5, 2020 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. http://saharareporters.com/2018/11/16/investigation-nigeria%E2%80%99s-n392m-waste-recycling-plants-osun-ekiti-kaduna-are-ruins%E2%80%8B accessed March 5, 2020 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. International Centre For Investigative Reporting (2019) https://www.icirnigeria.org/ accessed March 5, 2020 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Burnhar P., Structural Functionalism. http://www.answers.com/library/politicaldictionary-cid-5115667. Retrieved 15/02/2022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). 9Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for Policymaker0. Retrieved April 2, 2023 from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Kevin Lee, What Are the Effects of Non-Biodegradable Waste (2018) also https://sciencing.com/effects-nonbiodegradable-waste-8452084.html accessed March 5, 2020 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. https://sciencing.com/can-biodegradable-pollutants-cause-environmental-problems-23300.html#google_vignette accessed February 26, 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Ebeleke E. COVID 19: we've addressed unprofessional conduct at Gudu cemetery – FG(2020). Retrieved on April 21, 2022 from:https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/04/covid-19-weve-addressed-unprofessional-conduct-at-gudu-cemetery-fg/. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Ejike, T. Enugu Residents Set ESWAMA Dumpsters ablaze. (2010) also at http://www.vanguardngr.com/enugu_residents_set_eswama_dump sters_ablaze.html. Retrieved 12/02/2022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Solid waste management (2019). Retrieved on April 23, 2023 from:https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Advanced Techniques for Fake News Detection on Twitter Using NLP and AI: A Comprehensive Review
- Review of Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete Using Slag Sand as Fine Aggregate
- Performance of Local Construction Contractors – Case Study of Registered Contractors in Monrovia, Liberia
- Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Innovation Management in Multinational Organizations
- Modeling of Reaction Between Dissolved Oxygen (DO) And Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Degradation River