Nutritional Status and Its Impact on The Academic Performance of Learners.

Abstract: This study explored the relationship between nutritional status and academic performance among elementary school learners classified as wasted/severely wasted based on their BMI in the Manay North District of Davao Oriental during the 2024–2025 school year. The objectives were to identify learners' profiles, causes of malnutrition, and how these factors impact academic achievement. Using a descriptive correlational research design, the study employed survey questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and learners' report cards as primary data sources. A total of 219 learners identified as wasted/severely wasted participated in the survey. Data analysis involved frequency distributions, weighted means, Spearman's Rho correlation, standard deviations, percentages, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings showed that most respondents came from economically disadvantaged families, mainly engaged in farming and informal labor, and had parents with low education levels. Poverty (M = 3.53) and nutritional illiteracy (M = 3.52) were identified as the main causes of malnutrition, followed by poor eating habits and health conditions. Academic performance among learners showed steady improvement across three grading periods, with mean scores of 81.50, 82.70, and 83.22— all categorized as satisfactory. This consistent progress suggests that learners gradually adapted to classroom routines, improved their study habits, and benefited from teachers' reinforcement and feedback. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between weight and academic performance (r = 0.305, p < 0.01), while socio-economic status showed a negative correlation (r = -0.140, p < 0.05). Furthermore, poverty and poor eating habits were found to have weak but significant associations with students' grades.

The study confirms malnutrition, mainly caused by poverty and lack of nutritional knowledge, harms students' academic performance. To improve nutrition and learning, schools should run feeding programs, educate parents, and support livelihoods. Collaboration among schools, local governments, and health agencies is vital to fight malnutrition and support student development.

nutritional status, malnutrition, poverty, academic performance, school-based feeding program

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