Investigating the Performance of Colour Oxide on the PS/CNSO Oil Paint Production
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
This study investigated the effect of colour oxide pigments on the production of environmentally sustainable oil paints utilizing a novel bio-based binder. Solid waste polystyrene was efficiently converted into liquid polystyrene (PS) and subsequently blended with cashew nut shell oil (CNSO) extracted from waste cashew nuts to produce a composite binder, designated as PS/CNSO. The physicochemical analysis of the PS/CNSO binder was carried out which including pH, melting point, refractive index, density and moisture uptake. Also the instrumental analysis was carried out such as: differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were thoroughly characterized to assess its suitability for paint formulation. Oil paints were then formulated using the PS/CNSO binder, incorporating varying concentrations of natural colour oxide pigments (1g, 1.5g, 2g, 2.5g, 3g, 3.5g, and 4g). The influence of pigment concentration on the physical, chemical, and aesthetic properties of the resulting paints was systematically evaluated. The findings demonstrate that the bio-based binder, combined with natural pigments, offers a sustainable alternative for oil paint production, with pigment concentration significantly affecting the performance and quality of the final product. This work highlights the potential of waste-derived materials in developing eco-friendly coating solutions.
Downloads
References
Adewale George Adeniyi, Sulyman A. Abdulkareem, Ebuka Chizitere Emenike, Ashraf M.M. Abdelbacki, Mubarak A. Amoloye, Kingsley O. Iwuozor, Abdelrahman O. Ezzat, Favour O. Eleregbe & Ifeoluwa Peter Oyekunle (2024). Mechanical and chemical characterization of biochar-reinforced polystyrene composites. BMC Chemistry volume 18, Article number: 246 (2024) Cite this article1491 Accesses 1 Citations.
Algellai, A. A. (2018). Adhesion Properties of UV-Curing Methacrylate-Alumina Particles Composite Films for Use in Dentristy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia)).
Azani, M. R. & Hassanpour, A. (2024). Nanotechnology in the fabrication of advanced paints and coatings: dispersion and stabilization mechanisms for enhanced performance. ChemistrySelect, 9(19), e202400844.
Boyd, C. E. (2015). Particulate matter, color, turbidity, and light. In Water quality: an introduction (pp. 101-112). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Bresser, D., Buchholz, D., Moretti, A., Varzi, A. & Passerini, S. (2018). Alternative binders for sustainable electrochemical energy storage–the transition to aqueous electrode processing and bio-derived polymers. Energy & Environmental Science, 11(11), 3096-3127.
Buchman, A. (2025). Failure Cases in Adhesive Joints and Coatings. Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives, 9, 317-367.
Choi, S. B. (2022). Sedimentation stability of magnetorheological fluids: the state of the art and challenging issues. Micromachines, 13(11), 1904.
Doroszkowski, A. (2020). Paints. In Technological Applications of Dispersions (pp. 1-68). CRC Press.
Hang, J., Yan, X. & Li, J. (2024). A review on the effect of wood surface modification on paint film adhesion properties. Coatings, 14(10), 1313.
Homa, M. Sobczak, N., Hodor K. & Gezgin S. (2020). Simultaneous Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Si-30B Alloy, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Volume 29, pages 7073-7079, (2020)
Jaafar, Y., Ramirez, G.C.A., Abdelouahed, L., El Samrani, A., El Hage, R. & Taouk, B. (2023). Upgrading Pyrolytic Oil via Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Beechwood and Polystyrene. Molecules 2023, 28, 5758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules28155758
Kolya, H. & Kang, C. W. (2024). Toxicity of metal oxides, dyes, and dissolved organic matter in water: implications for the environment and human health. Toxics, 12(2), 111.
Lade, R. (2017). Flow and Drying Dynamics in Gravity-and Capillary-Driven Coating Processes.
Liem, H., Etchegoin, P. & Whitehead, K. S. (2017). Raman Scattering as a Probe of Morphology in Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Journal of Applied Phys. 2017; 92(2): 115461 p
Longoni, M. (2022). The non-invasive analysis of organic materials in cultural heritage: development of strategies based on molecular spectroscopies.
Maile, F. J. (2021). Colorants in coatings. Physical Sciences Reviews, 6(11), 707-789.
Mark R., Witkowski & Kelsey DeWitt (2020). The Use of X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques in the Analysis of Suspect Pharmaceutical Products: Spectroscopy-07-01-2020Volume35 Issue 7 Pages: 41–48
Milena N. Miljković, Dragan Đorđević, Miloš Đokić, Vojkan Miljković & Kristina Stoilkovski (2017). Qualitative Analysis of Pigments and Binders in paint colours used in “Gvozden” by Mica Popovic. Advanced technologies 6(2) (2017) 56-59 The manuscript received: April, 25, 2017. Paper accepted: May,22, 2017.
Müller, B. & Schackmann, M. (2023). Coatings formulation. Lack in Vincentz GmbH & Company KG.
Onoja, A., Adamu, H. M. & Jauro, A. (2019). Production of Emulsion Paint Using Polystyrene Waste/Cashew nutshell Liquid Copolymer as a Binder. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 5, May-2019 1130 ISSN 2229-5518
Osemeahon, S. A. & Archibong, C. A. (2011). Development of Urea formaldehyde and polyethylene waste as a copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 3(4), 101-108 retrieved jan. 15 2012 at http://www.academicjournals.org/JTEHS.
Pataki-Hundt, A. & Hummert, E. (2016). Colour stability of natural adhesives–light ageing of adhesive films and colour changes of pigment layers after aerosol application. Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material, 37(2), 137-156.
Pfaff, G. (2022). Mixed metal oxide pigments. Physical Sciences Reviews, 7(1), 7-16.
Rojtman, E., Denis, M., Sirvent, C., Lapinte, V., Caillol, S. & Briou, B. (2024). Polyols from Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL), corner-stone building blocks for cutting edge biobased additives and polymers. Polymer Chemistry.
Randhawa, K. S. (2024). Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Impact of Hybrid Pigments. The Scientific World Journal, 2024(1), 2773950.
Rossi, S., Simeoni, M. & Quaranta, A. (2021). Behavior of chromogenic pigments and influence of binder in organic smart coatings. Dyes and Pigments, 184, 108879.
Sohel, S., Ali, A. & Esam, H. Z. (2015). Synthesis and Solution Properties of Poly(Acrylamide-Styrene) Block Copolymers with High Hydrophobic Content. The Free library: Society of Plastic Engineers; 2015).
Surajudeen, A. & Zebulu, D. M. (2015). Production of emulsion house paint using Polyvinyl Acetate and Gum Arabic as binder. International Journal of Material Science and Applications 4(5): 350 – 353 ISSN:2327 - 2635
Torrent Sola, E. (2024). Process standardization for car interior paint production: a comprehensive study on the paint production transfer from Offenbach to Barcelona.
Zhang, Y. & Naebe, M. (2021). Lignin: A review on structure, properties, and applications as a light-colored UV absorber. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 9(4), 1427-1442.
Zou, F. & Manthiram, A. (2020). A review of the design of advanced binders for high‐performance batteries. Advanced Energy Materials, 10(45), 2002508.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.