Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium in Industrial and Soil Samples Using 3-Hydroxy-2-(2'-Thienyl)-4H-Chromen-4-One

Abstract: A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium is developed using 3-hydroxy-2-(2^'-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one as a complexing agent for the metal ion in slightly alkaline solution (pH 8.0-8.5). The resulting complex bears metal to ligand ratio of 1:1 whose absorption maximum lies at 430nm. The method obeys Beer's law in the range 0.0-5.0 μg Ti ml^-1 with molar absorbtivity and Sandell's sensitivity values of 1.40´10⁴ l mol^-1 cm^-1and 0.0034 μg Ti cm^-2 respectively. The limit of detection, of the method is 0.0086 ppm. The complex is stable for 24 hours. It is free from interference of a large number of cations and anions. Utilizing the proposed procedure, the analysis of various synthetic samples, soil, water and pharmaceutical sample has been carried out to a greater degree of accuracy.

titanium, 3-hydroxy-2-(2'-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, spectrophotometric determination

1. Vojkovic, V., Allegretti Z., Vlasta, D. V., (2004) Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium(IV) by Extraction of its Thiocyanate Complex with Cationic Surfactants. Spectroscopy Letters Vol. 37(4), p. 401-420. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ben-dong, Z., Gaowa, A., (2003) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium (IV) with a new chromogenic reagent 2,4-dichloro-phenylfluorone and its analytical application Neimenggu Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban vol. 34(2), p. 238-240. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Zhang, T., Gu, L., Ju, Y., (2000) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium with dibromohydroxyphenylfluorone. Yejin Fenxi, vol. 20(6), p. 41-43. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Xiangyuan, H., Yu, Y., Gao, Z., (1996) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium with DBN-chlorophosphonazo. Yejin Fenxi, vol.16(2), p.46-48. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Kuliyev K A., Verdizade N A., (2025), Extraction Spectrophotometric determination of titanium with 2,6-dimercapto-4-isopropylphenol and hydrophobic amines, Chem Res Pract, Vol. 2(1) p. 1-11 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Weixing, Ma., Xue, Y., Fu, Y., Qiu, X., Xu, X., (2007) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium in steel with 4-(2- thiazolylazo)-1, 2, 3-trihydroxybenzene. Yejin Fenxi , vol. 27(10), p. 72-74. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Akbar M., Ahmad, B., Javad, S., Ehsan Z., (2007) Extract of Slippery Elm Leaf as a New reagent. Analytical Letters, vol. 40(12), p. 2384-2390. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Ying, D., Yaqiu, J., Dengquan, C., (2001) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium in Pd-Ni-Ti alloy with hydrogen peroxide. Guijinshu, vol. 22(3), p. 47-50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. D. Madhavi, Saritha B., Giri A., Reddy T.S., (2014) Direct spectrophotometric determination of titanium with 5- bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybanzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone, J. Chemical and Pharmaceutical research, Vol 6(6) p. 1145-50 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Ferreira, S. L. C., Costa, A. C. S., Andrade, M.G. M., Santos, B. F., Leite, N. O., (1993) 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium. Analytical Letters, vol. 26(5), p. 1001-11. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Keshavan, B., Prasad, K.P.K., (1991) Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium in minerals and alloys. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, vol. 68(2), p. 117-18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Jeffery, G. H. and Bassett, J., (1989) “Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Longman, London,5th., ed., p. 473. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Gupta, S.C., Sharma S., Saini A., Dhawan S.N., (1999) Photochemistry of chromones: photoreorganisation of 3-alkoxy-2-thienyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyrans J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, p.2391–2395. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Nishida, M., Yoshida, I., Sagara, F., Ishii, D., Shinkai, S., (1994) Spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) in water with hexasodium 50,51,52,53,54,55-hexahydroxycalix[6]arene-5,11,17,23,29,35-hexasulfonate. Bunseki Kagaku vol. 43(4), p. 295-301. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Decision Tree and Automatic Linear Modeling Approaches to Predict Body Weight in Indigenous Sabi Sheep and Matebele Goat Females of Zimbabwe
• Microcontroller – Based Automatic Railway Crossing Control and Track Obstacle Monitoring System
• Modelling the Role of Absorptive Capacity in Foreign Direct Investment - Economic Growth Nexus: A Focus on South Africa’s Manufacturing Sector
• AI-Powered Wristband for Accurate BAC Monitoring Using Smart Data Fusion
• Climate Change Impacts on Different Regions