Volume 13 Issue 11

Abstract: The application of automation technology in industry is growing rapidly, especially in the chemical industry. The more advanced the level of industrial development in a country or region, the greater the number and types of industries. By integrating technological, machine, and human resources, it provides major changes to the industrial sector to get priority for development because it can make a significant contribution to the national economy. Several chemical industries have developed, including the petrochemical industry, agrochemicals, and so on. The chemical industry produces various chemical products to meet the needs of the Indonesian people. In human life, it is inseparable from the use of chemicals produced by the chemical industry. The increase in the number of chemical industries will also increase the potential for danger and risk. The danger of fire is one of the potentials that can have a major impact and even the risk of death and serious burns to humans. In addition to the risk to humans, fire also damages company assets and pollutes the environment. Therefore, the author conducted a study in one of the chemical industries in the city of Cilegon which has great potential for danger and high risk. This potential fire hazard is triggered by the activity of unloading flammable chemicals from ships to storage tanks. The purpose of this study is to identify hazards and assess risks in the activity of unloading flammable chemicals from ships to storage tanks. This study uses the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC) method. The results of this study are to determine the level of fire risk in the activity of unloading flammable chemicals from ships to storage tanks and to prepare prevention and mitigation strategies

Abstract:  Vocational or technical education is inseparable from the application and advancement of technology, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT), which has brought significant changes to various fields, including vocational education at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar (FT UNM). Vocational education students require interactive learning media to facilitate their understanding of microcontroller fundamentals and IoT applications. The main issue addressed in this study is the absence of learning media based on microcontrollers and IoT applications. This study aims to develop an IoT-based microcontroller trainer media using three main types of microcontrollers: (1) ATmega, (2) Arduino Uno, and (3) NodeMCU. The trainer media is designed to enable students to learn programming steps, hardware integration, and IoT connectivity within a unified platform. The development method employed is Research and Development (R&D), encompassing stages from needs analysis to evaluation. Testing with students revealed that the trainer media effectively enhanced their understanding of microcontrollers and IoT. The implementation and trial results showed that 85% of students could utilize the product and practically and interactively analyze basic IoT concepts. This study demonstrates that the developed trainer media serves as an essential learning tool to support vocational education for students in Electronic Engineering Education.

Abstract: This work was conducted to investigate the adsorptive removal of iron (III) ions from simulated and ferriferous water using unmodified and modified waste PET-bottle/coconut husk composites. The waste PET-bottle/coconut husk composites were prepared by melt mixing and modified using ferric and ferrous chloride. The composites were characterized using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption process was carried out using batch method while residual adsorbate concentration in solution was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis. The residual equilibrium concentrations results were applied to the kinetics, equilibrium and intraparticle diffusion analyses. The kinetics results of the adsorption showed that the most fit model based on the R2 values for the unmodified is the second order with a value of 0.79, while that of the modified composite correlated with the pseudo first order with an R2 value of 0.95. The highest rate constant was 2.29 g/mg min for PFO for the unmodified implying the shortest exposure and contact time per unit mass of adsorbent. The Freundlich and Sips isotherm models both correlated at 97% with the unmodified composite, while the Freundlich model was the most fit model for the modified composite with an R2 value of 0.87. Qmax calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 6657.91 and 7939.32 mg/g for unmodified and modified composites respectively, indicating a higher sorption potential for the modified composite.  The modified composite gave a far higher and near unity R2 value of 0.96 for intraparticle diffusion than the unmodified composite with 0.46.

Abstract: The research study with entitled is about the Government Policy with its State Historical Background through the effort to prevent the jobless of Timor-Leste in providing job Management opportunities in the state and foreign countries.” The objective of this research is to identify and search on the historical and economical background of the state in providing job opportunities to young people are employed in internal and foreign countries to fix their family’s economic conditions to support the state in reducing the unemployment and poverty in the country itself as a way to settle down the problems and obtain the solution. About this, the government of Timor-Leste has created a bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreement in the country through signing the mutual of understanding (MOU) with the foreign company’s organization in abroad. The economic problems and other matters are settled with the effort hard of the state’s government by providing funds to minimize and reduce the poverty and the economic problems of the living people in the state in the current day and the future. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative mixed methods, observing, paraphrasing, and permutation in library research through collecting the facts by using online libraries, software, and hard book references. Some of the data files presented in this writing to complete this analytical research. The finding of this research is the jobless of the country are mostly employed by the government through mutual cooperation through bilateral and multilateral cooperation to reduce the unemployment in the internal country and abroad. From the total population are not finalized their studies in the school 30,7% and from the above population, 16,8% do their learning in the higher education level. Amongst the young between 14-24 years old do not access the education, unemployed, and training and it is hard for them to get the job competition. The total labor forces in 2009, there are 430,200 people in East Timor and the unemployment are 18% since 2010.

Abstract: This study describes Mican Petshop's offline promotional strategy to attract cat lovers' interest in buying during 2023. With increasingly fierce competition in the pet industry, Mican Petshop must have an effective promotional strategy. Given the increasing number of competitors in this industry, Mican Petshop feels the need to implement an offline promotional strategy amidst the onslaught of powerful social media to build consumer trust so that they continue to buy products sold in their stores. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, with the object of research being Mican Petshop's offline promotion in the digital era. The AISAS model is intended to determine consumer behaviour when recommending store products to potential consumers offline. Data was collected in-depth by the store owner and the marketing department. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The study results show that the promotional mix that plays an important role in increasing cat lovers' interest in buying at Mican Petshop is sales promotion and public relations. The emphasis on both is due to budget efficiency and customer relationships. Based on the elements of AISAS and a combination of sales promotion and public relations, Mican Petshop can optimize its promotional activities to increase consumer purchasing interest with measurable effectiveness while overcoming challenges that may arise throughout its promotional journey. By focusing on creativity, relevance, and empathetic interaction with consumers, Mican Petshop can continue to increase the effectiveness of its promotions. This is proven by the sales target that has been met. Mican Petshop still survives without promotion through social media because of business partners' experience of content plagiarism and the nature of advertising, which amplifies expressiveness.

Abstract:  Nigeria faces a significant energy crisis characterized by a substantial gap between energy supply and demand, driven by rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion. With a projected electricity demand exceeding 50,000 MW by 2030, the country must explore underutilized resources to meet its energy needs. Non-Associated Gas (NAG) reservoirs present a viable solution, offering a cleaner and more stable fuel source than traditional fossil fuels. This paper examines the historical context of Nigeria's gas policies, highlighting key legislation such as the Petroleum Act, the Associated Gas Re-Injection Act, and the recent Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) of 2021. It discusses the challenges faced in gas utilization, including infrastructure deficits and investment barriers, while emphasizing the economic, environmental, and social benefits of developing NAG. The study also outlines recommendations for stakeholders to enhance investment in NAG infrastructure and create a favourable regulatory environment. By leveraging NAG, Nigeria can not only address its immediate energy crisis but also promote sustainable economic growth and improve energy security for its citizens.

Abstract: The study adopted a systematic review to analyze AI solutions in enhancing leadership in the implementation of CBC in junior secondary schools in Kenya. The study focuses on challenges relating to inadequate training of teachers, inappropriate resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. We adopted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Distributed Leadership Theory. The findings reveal that AI may enhance educational leadership by the implementation of real-time monitoring, preparation of teaching resources, and managing the institution more effectively. Moreover, the impeding factors for AI penetration in educational institutions are physical infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, and local conditions. In this regard, the study recommends partnerships between educational institutions and companies manufacturing technology equipment and digital training programs. Further research will focus on the development of specific AI applications to fit the Kenyan educational setup for serving all stakeholders: students, teachers, and school administrators.

Abstract: This study is aimed at harnessing the effect of cassava peel and cowpea hull blended agro-waste on the mechanical, morphological and degradation properties of polypropylene and recycled polypropylene. Fine powders of mesh size of 75µm cassava peel and cowpea hull were homogeneously mixed at the ratio of 50:50 to form the hybrid filler. The virgin pellets of PP and recycled polypropylene (rPP) were filled with varying weight percentages (5, 10, 15, 20) of the blended filler and the composites produced via injection moulding technique. The mechanical properties; tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, hardness, compressive strength, and shear modulus were studied according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The morphological properties were studied with a Scanning Electron Microscope at 10,000 magnifications. The degradation study was achieved by soil burial method for one hundred and eighty (180) days period. The results of the mechanical properties showed increased tensile strength, hardness, compressive strength and shear modulus while the percentage elongation at break decreased as the filler load increases. The micrographs showed that the virgin PP has better adhesion and interfacial bonding with the filler than the rPP. Biodegradation test revealed a reduction in the mass of the composites after one hundred and eighty (180) days burial period indicating that the composite is degradable. From the findings, the cassava peel-cowpea hull blended filler can be used in materials where stiffness and strength is required. Hence, it is suggested that agro-wastes such as cassava peel and cowpea hulls could be used as fillers in production of degradable plastics as they are readily available, cheap and easy to use.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a voice controlled line following robot with the ability to trace the set path and avoid hurdles while moving autonomously. Line-following robots have been around for decades, but this setup uses AI algorithms and fresnel lenses to improve accuracy More Traditional line-following robots often face drawbacks in dealing with intricate environments, but those are addressed here via user control over voice recognition, as-well-as obstacle detection through ultrasonic sensors. The robot is controlled over an Arduino UNO microcontroller and the (advance) features that it offers allows the robot to operate independently with lesser human interactions, the applications of such a robot will span across Transportation & logistics, Industrial Automation and Personal Assistance. This study reveals the potential of this robot to improve precision and flexibility in a realistic usage condition, thereby providing an important tool for automation with safety and productivity.

Abstract: The fishing industry in Sri Lanka generates significant waste, presenting an opportunity to convert it into a sustainable energy source. This research investigates the production of biodiesel from fish waste, specifically fish oil, as an alternative fuel to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and improve waste management in the fish market. Fish waste, including non-edible parts such as fish heads, tails, fins, and internal organs, was collected from a local fish market and subjected to an extraction process using wet boiling. The extracted fish oil was then converted into biodiesel through a transesterification reaction with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. Two optimization experiments were conducted to determine the best methanol concentration (15%, 20%, and 25%) and KOH concentration (1g, 2g, and 3g). The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was obtained using 20% methanol (producing 10.71g of biodiesel) and 1g of KOH as a catalyst, yielding a biodiesel production of 8.66g for 15% methanol and 6.89g for 25% methanol. The biodiesel produced exhibited promising fuel properties, with a flashpoint of 127.5°C, a calorific value of 39.248 MJ/kg, kinematic viscosity of 4.4107 mm²/s, and density of 0.8766 g/cm³, all of which were within the acceptable limits set by ASTM standards. Additionally, the FFA content of the extracted fish oil was initially 7%, which was reduced through a saponification process, making the oil suitable for biodiesel production. The study estimated that approximately 237 metric tons of biodiesel could be produced per month from the fish waste in Sri Lanka, based on the average monthly fish waste generated (50% of total fish production). The biodiesel production from fish oil thus holds significant potential as both a renewable energy source and a sustainable waste management solution, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and addressing environmental challenges associated with waste disposal in the fishing industry.

Abstract: The main focus of the study was the development of a Photovoltaic System Trainer. It was designed and constructed as an instructional device to provide students with a more engaging and experiential learning of the photovoltaic system. This study utilized developmental and descriptive methods of research. For developmental method, processes were used like planning, designing, lay-outing, constructing, assembling, pre-testing and revising, final product testing and evaluating. While the descriptive method was evaluated in terms of product quality in performance efficiency, durability, reliability, maintainability, and conformance; and for the acceptability like design, functional suitability, security, usability, and portability were also evaluated. A research-made instrument was formulated and administered to twenty-five experts for quality product evaluation and seventy-five respondents for its acceptability. The result showed that the trainer has a dual-powered device, interactive learning, and can extend battery operation as its technical features can reinforce the teaching and learning processes; for quality evaluation, the overall results showed in terms of performance efficiency, durability, reliability, maintainability, and conformance were very good. Further, for acceptability evaluation, the overall results in terms of design, functional suitability, security, usability, and portability were very highly acceptable. The users manual was developed to guide the users on the product specifications, features, parts and functions, operating procedures, maintenance, dos and don’ts, and troubleshooting guide. The activity sheets were beneficial to both students and teachers in learning processes. Finally, the trainer is ideal for the BSIT Electronics/Electrical and BTLED Industrial Arts curriculum and conducting the National Competency Assessment by TESDA.

Abstract: This research study investigates the task complexity and students’ cognitive load in science of grade-11 science students in Kitobo National High School, Kitubo, Kitaotao, Bukidnon during the second quarter of the academic year 2024-2025. The study aims to examine 1. The level of task complexity for the students in science; 2. The level of students’ cognitive load in science; 3. The relationship between task complexity and students’ cognitive load in science. The participant of the study involves 87 science students from 3 different sections of grade-11 selected through purposive sampling. Participants answered a 42-item survey questionnaire divided into two parts focusing on the task complexity and cognitive load. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tool called SPSS. Analysis of the data shows several insights on the cause and effect of task complexity and cognitive load as well as the close direct proportionality of the variables. While complex task triggers the students to do more and improve their output better, there is still a need to improve in delivering and presentation of the task and lesson. A well-structured task that aligns with students' cognitive capabilities and reduce extraneous cognitive load can significantly enhance learning outcomes. By balancing task complexity with appropriate support, educators can foster deeper understanding and more effective learning experiences. Educators should continue refining task design to ensure it supports cognitive load management while promoting engagement. Further research is needed to explore how specific task structures impact different types of cognitive load across various learning environments. Additionally, developing targeted strategies to reduce extraneous load in digital learning contexts could provide valuable insights for improving online education.

Abstract: Insecurity has been a major threat to government and civilians in Nigeria for the past decade. Development of a security system is not yet enough to curb the situation. Hence, the need for weapon detection using Convolutional Neural Network. The researchers downloaded different images with guns and knives from the internet. Image labeler software was used to annotate each image separately and the results were saved as XML files. This was converted to CSV files which are represented in form of rows and columns. Rows are each element, while the column are the weight, height, Xmin, Ymin, Xmax and Ymax. Which represent the shape and location of the boxes. Extra files were created which was mapped to a particular number, and the label was represented in form of numbers such as 1 for knife and 0 for gun. TensorFlow API was used for the training. We trained 300epochs at 0.03 learning rate for Resnet50, Resnet101, InceptionV1 and the proposed model. The success rate of the training was determined, and the trained model was tested. The proposed model performed better than three other models when trained and tested with the same datasets.

Abstract: The paper highlights a failure in the implementation of a recommendation for the modified Newton’s method using a Rosenbrock type of functions that have slow convergence with two minimum points as test functions. The study finds that a recommended procedure, if the Hessian  at a point is not positive definite, may not lead to the desired optimal solution particularly when the initial point is not close enough to the expected solution. It has been demonstrated how to go round this problem. The results show that more than one technique may be required to determine all critical points of a given function.