Volume 13 Issue 7

Abstract: This study proposed a novel anomaly-based detection system for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using machine learning techniques. The system was trained and tested on a dataset of respiratory patterns, vital signs, and other relevant features. The machine learning model achieved high accuracy and sensitivity, with an F1-score of 0.834, an ROC AUC of 0.921, and a precision of 0.781. The detected anomalies were found to be strongly correlated with COPD severity, suggesting that the proposed framework has potential clinical significance. The system shows promise in COPD detection, further research is needed to improve the system's generalizability across different populations, and to explore opportunities for real-world implementation. The study's findings can contribute to the development of more effective and efficient COPD management strategies, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Abstract: The study assesses Carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural land use which have a great impact on food production and atmospheric weather. Emissions of CO2 from the land use surface lead to minimum production of farm products. Global warming and climate change are the cause of great concern, demanding intensive research on CO2 emissions from soil under some management options. The aim is to determine CO2 emission on agricultural land use with food security.  An experiment was conducted using sodium hydroxide as a reagent for the emission, the results obtained demonstrated that the highest CO2 emission was observed in maize farm which is 6.0 g CO2 m-2 d-1 and the least was found in yam farm and forest location which are 0.5g CO2 m-2 d-1, at a point where the soil moisture was maximum (23.5%), the soil pH was minimum (4.84), the total organic carbon (TOC) storage in the soil was maximum (1.7%), then the CO2 emission was low in a forest location because mineralization of soil bacteria’s is not active in moist soil they are very active in a soil that lacks moisture, and bacteria contribute to the emission of carbon dioxide due to their activities in the soil. 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify mineralization zones within the North-Central Basement Complex of Nigeria. The goal was to locate important geological formations and assess the region's suitability for mining exploitation. Several filters were used to enhance the short wavelength anomalies which could give preliminary information about the magnetic minerals present in the study area which spans latitudes 8°00'N to 9°30'N and longitudes 6°30'E to 7°30'E. The total magnetic intensity map revealed overall field strengths ranging from -99.63 nT to 109.33 nT. The filters used are fisrt horizontal and vertical derivatives, analytic signal and 3-D Euler Deconvolution. The first horizontal and first vertical derivatives show structures like lineament that could host to minerals present in the study. The Analytic Signal processing highlighted three distinct magnetic anomaly zones: a low zone (0.004 nT/m to 0.013 nT/m), an intermediate zone (0.016 nT/m to 0.048 nT/m), and a high zone (0.057 nT/m to 0.282 nT/m). The horizontal derivative map displayed both positive and negative anomalies, with values ranging from -0.061 to 0.061 nT/m. The Euler depth analysis suggested the magnetic sources are located at depths greater than 2000 m, between 1000-2000 m, 500-1000 m, and less than 500 m. The lineament map revealed a dominant NE-SW trend, with a less dominant E-W and NW-SE trend within the study area. The high lineament density areas of Kwali, Gwagwalada, Shanzhi, Dadabiri, Checheyi, Pangu, and Suleja correspond to the various mineralization zones identified in the region.

Abstract: The study examines the multifaceted impact of globalization and technological advancements on American businesses operating in the international arena. It highlights the opportunities and challenges presented by globalization, emphasizing the ability of U.S. companies to access larger markets while facing intensified competition and complexities in global supply chains. The case studies presented in the work illustrate successful strategies in leveraging technology for international growth, including strategic acquisitions, e-commerce integration, and innovative service delivery models. Despite the benefits, challenges such as cultural adaptation, regulatory compliance, and cybersecurity risks are acknowledged, with proposed solutions emphasizing strategic partnerships, employee training, and regulatory compliance frameworks.

Abstract: Most of the Virtual Reality today is a static image in which the creator will manually replace it in the system and even replace it as a whole. There are several steps to obtain VR projects, namely:  data processing, VR roles to follow, subsystems, data acquisition, data processing, 3D modeling, the object-oriented property of VR systems, and visualization task. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Semi-Dynamic Mobile-Based Virtual Reality System for University. The system was developed using server side (PHP) and client side (JavaScript) scripting language for web-based Java, and PhoneGap for android application. Bootstrap and jQuery are also used in the development of the system with MySQL as the database so it can communicate with other platforms. The system can be downloaded git repository together with the android application the developer can use it for customization.  A developmental-Evaluative survey method was used in gathering the data using the adapted questionnaire. The respondents are very satisfied with the performance level of the system in terms of functionality, compatibility, security, and maintainability. Therefore, it is an indication that the developed system is an excellent platform in file management.

Abstract: The Carbon concentration in earth is closed system, therefore, the contain of carbon in each elements are different. The concentration of CO2 in atmosphere is lower compared with N2 and O2 gas but CO2 concentration is great effect to the atmosphere temperature, it may cause the global warming and climate change.  The CO2 concentration in atmosphere should be maintained to slower increase in order to reduce the effect of CO2 in atmosphere.  Balancing of carbon positive and negative is concerned to maintain the CO2 concentration in atmosphere. Bio-chars are materials carbon that can be used as soil amendment to increase crop production. Recently, the carbon positive more than the carbon negative, resulted the CO2 concentration in atmosphere was increased gradually. Biochar has been possibility to produce in a large quantity to utilize of waste biomass.  We needs a large quantity of biochar to be   produced and mixed with soil and store in the ground as carbon sequestration, those biochar increase the soil fertility. Scenarios stabilization wedge represents an activity that starts at zero reduction of emissions in 2005 and increase linearly until it accounts for 1 GtC/ year or 1 wedges reduced carbon emissions in the year 2055.

Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of contemporary cybersecurity protocols in Nigeria, focusing on their efficiency and application within the local context. Cybersecurity is essential in safeguarding sensitive data against theft and unauthorised access, especially as Nigeria experiences growth in online services such as e-commerce and e-banking. The research examines the usability and economic viability of modern security measures like SSL, TLS, and cryptographic protocols. It highlights the challenges of implementing these protocols in Nigeria due to high operational costs and limited local expertise. The paper also discusses Nigeria's legal framework, including the Cybercrime Act of 2015 and the efforts by governmental bodies like NITDA to enhance cybersecurity. Case studies of recent cyber-attacks illustrate the evolving threat landscape and the critical need for robust cybersecurity strategies. The study concludes with recommendations for improving Nigeria's cybersecurity infrastructure through better regulation, increased awareness, and adopting emerging technologies like blockchain and quantum computing. The research aims to bolster Nigeria's cybersecurity posture and promote safer digital environments by addressing these issues.

Abstract: The Nigerian electric power industry, pivotal for economic development, faces severe crises affecting its efficiency. This study provides a comparative analysis of electricity grid tariffs and generator costs over the past decade. The analysis reveals frequent tariff changes by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) and rising generator costs due to increasing fuel prices and maintenance expenses. The study highlights the financial burden on Nigerian households and businesses reliant on generators. Data from NERC reports, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) fuel price records, and industry studies indicate that generator costs have escalated more sharply. At the same time, grid tariffs have increased due to economic and policy changes. This disparity stresses the need for policy adjustments and improved monitoring to stabilise electricity costs and enhance service delivery. Recommendations urge immediate action from policymakers, energy industry professionals, and stakeholders to address the pressing issues.

Thesis Abstract: Farmers were greatly impacted by the improvised solar-powered e-grass cutter that used microcontroller technology. This might be used to agriculture and encourage farmers to develop equipment and products made of recycled materials. The current study primarily focuses on the development, design, and evaluation of an improvised solar-powered E-Grass cutter that makes use of microcontroller technology. The actual questionnaire that was distributed to the chosen respondents was used by the researchers. The researchers utilized descriptive statistics to interpret the data because they provide a quantitative description or summary of the characteristics of the data collection. The weighted mean and percentage were employed in all statistical calculations. According to the study's findings, 26 of the respondents were farmers. Functionality, durability, and usability all received weighted averages of 3.60, 3.93, and 3.61. and safety achieved a weighted average of 3.53 overall. According to the evaluation of the farmers utilizing the E-grass cutter, the makeshift E-grass cutter's functionality, durability, usefulness, and safety all satisfied the necessary standards to carry out its intended functions.

Abstract: Due to the increased complexity and damage of cyberattacks in this digital age, the security of national infrastructure networks has become a vital concern. However, a possible approach to improve the cybersecurity of these crucial networks is to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into threat detection and response systems; to rapidly evaluate large data sets, identify anomalies, and automate countermeasures to lessen the effects of cyberattacks. The impact, implementation and approaches for anomaly detection and response automation of AI-powered solutions for safeguarding national infrastructure are examined in this paper. Understanding how AI technologies are used to automate threat detection and response, reviewing the operational usefulness of AI in enhancing cybersecurity measures and evaluating the deployment of these systems in critical infrastructure settings were also examined. The study revealed that the speed and accuracy of threat detection and response are greatly increased by AI-powered systems. The automation capacity of AI can potentially reduce the need for human analysts, while also providing faster threat mitigation. Additionally, the usefulness of AI across sectors indicates its practicality in situations and how it may adapt in response to new threats. In conclusion, AI-driven threat detection and response systems are an important development in national infrastructure network cybersecurity. Therefore, by improving the capacity to recognize and address cyber-attacks these technologies can ultimately increase the overall resilience of national infrastructures.

Abstract: This study explores the impact of technical skills within the circular economy framework on job creation and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Conducted in Lagos State, the research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 384 survey participants with qualitative insights from 16 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The factor analysis revealed that three components explain 75.221% of the variance, demonstrating strong construct validity. The survey instrument showed high reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha of .730. In the quantitative analysis, Model 1 demonstrates that Circular Economy (CE) significantly impacts Job Creation (JC), with an R Square value of .656 and a coefficient B of .768 (p < .000), indicating that CE accounts for 65.6% of the variance in JC. Model 2 shows that CE significantly influences Entrepreneurship Development (ED) with an R Square value of .670 and a coefficient B of .783 (p < .000), explaining 67% of the variance in ED. Hypothesis testing confirms significant relationships between technical skills in the circular economy and both job creation and entrepreneurship development, with F values of 757.634 and 809.194 (p < .000), respectively. The qualitative data provided further insights, highlighting the importance of integrating technical skills in circular practices to foster sustainable economic growth and entrepreneurial activities. The study concludes that technical skills in the circular economy are crucial for job creation and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. It recommends incorporating circular economy principles into vocational training programs and encouraging government-private sector partnerships to promote circular economy initiatives. By enhancing technical competencies, Nigeria can achieve significant improvements in job stability and entrepreneurial growth.

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of brain drain in the health sector on sustainable healthcare development in Ogun State, Nigeria, focusing specifically on selected state hospitals. The research was conducted across several state hospitals with the entire medical staff forming the target population. Utilizing a random sampling strategy, data were collected from a sample of 278 healthcare professionals, determined through Taro Yamane sampling techniques from a population of 912. Data collection was facilitated through a systematically designed containing 26-item questionnaire employing a four-point Likert scale. The reliability instrument was confirmed with a Cronbach alpha statistic, while its validity was assessed using component factor analysis. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and inferential statistics were derived using simple linear regression analysis. The findings reveal a significant brain drain phenomenon, driven by factors such as inadequate remuneration, subpar working conditions, and limited professional growth opportunities. This has resulted in a critical shortage of healthcare providers, negatively impacting the quality and accessibility of healthcare services in Ogun state. The regression analysis further illustrates a strong correlation between brain drain and the deterioration of healthcare service delivery, which in turn hampers the region's progress towards sustainable healthcare development. The study recommends that the level of poverty must be reduce in the country; high pay incentives must be adequately provided by the government; initiatives that support youth in realizing their full potential must be developed; and a sound macroeconomic plan must be Implemented.

Abstract: The integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) for asset management was addressed in this study. Geographic Information System (GIS) as a decision support system was integrated within the process of asset management to strengthen the monitoring of tangible assets within the organization. The main objective of this study is to design and develop a Location-Based Asset Management Application System. A waterfall model was utilized to create the system. GeoJSON was used to represent geographical features or attributes of the data gathered. A standardized adapted evaluation form was used to determine the Functionality, Performance, Robustness, and Workmanship of the developed application and interpreted using descriptive analysis. The analysis shows that the developed system is excellent in terms of Functionality, Performance, Robustness, and Workmanship. Based on the study's findings, the developed spatial asset management system is an effective way of monitoring and delivering asset management information and resources to its various constituents. It is highly recommended that a designed system should be utilized and use the developed systems to proactively respond and adapt to the modern world in delivering and managing resources.

Abstract: Soil moisture balance from okra (abelmoschus esculentus) field was performed on experimental plot of the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Joseph Sanwuan Tarka University Makurdi -Nigeria. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted on four okra cultivars planted and irrigated by drip system at different levels (80% (I1), 60% (I2), 45% (I3), and 15% (I4)) according to the agronomic practices of okra.  Decision Support System for agro technology Transfer (DSSAT) model for the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES) was used to model soil moisture balance by linear regression (multivariate analysis of variance, (MANOVA)) and validated. The soil was sandy loam with high field capacity (FC) at I4 and nearly uniform drainage (D) except for I4.. Runoff (R) decreases from 35.71 for I1 to 0.07 for I4 implying that R, D and change in water storage (∆S) are functions of the amount and duration of irrigation. The models reported an acceptable deviation from the ideal line of the R and ∆S at higher values confirming degree of the correlation between the observed and predicted dataset but experienced difficulties with estimating lower values due to lower magnitudes in irrigation. From the foregoing it is concluded that decreasing water application results in an increase in irrigation and the reverse is also true.

Abstract: In addition to the ongoing debate surrounding the imperative need to reform the UNSC, especially on the concept of veto power, this article offers another perspective. Using document analysis combined with triangulation of the secondary material as the methodology, this article explored the difficulty of reforming the UNSC. It adopts the realist theory as the framework that sees the concept of veto power as the main difficulty standing in the way of the reform despite the expressed commitment from the five permanent members of the UNSC and other countries. Although this article did not explicitly proffer a remedy to the problem discussed. However, how the author intellectualized and articulated the main issue could draw attention to the ongoing debate and clamor about the need to reform the UNSC veto power. Conclusively, this article doubts not the possibility but sees the use of veto power strategic to the interest of the U.S., China, and Russia as the major obstacle to the reform.

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the influence of job security and motivation on organizational performance with job satisfaction and organizational commitment as intervening variables at PDAM Tirta Montala, Aceh Besar Regency. The number of respondents was 153 people. The selection of respondents used a census approach. The research results show that there is a significant influence of the 5 direct hypothesis influences that were tested. Likewise, of the 2 indirect hypotheses tested, both have a significant influence. The study conducted at the Tirta Montala Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) in Aceh Besar has important managerial implications for the sustainability and development of this company. These implications can guide managers and stakeholders in making strategic decisions, optimizing performance, and increasing operational efficiency

This study examines the predictive influence of the Nigerian government's Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) policy on communal security in the Ogun West senatorial district. Despite RUGA's aim to mitigate herder-farmer conflicts by establishing designated grazing areas, the policy faces significant opposition due to ethnic tensions, land use conflicts, and concerns about Fulani herder dominance. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 500 respondents across five local government districts in Ogun West. Quantitative analysis using regression models revealed that RUGA significantly impacts communal security (R = 0.728, R² = 0.530, p < 0.001), social harmony (B = 0.874, t = 25.537, p < 0.001), community engagement (B = 0.862, t = 29.741, p < 0.001), and ethnocentric, religious, and socioeconomic issues (B = 0.869, t = 29.278, p < 0.001). However, the policy does not significantly predict the readiness of nomads to settle (B = 0.032, p = 0.586) or the preparedness of local people to accept the scheme (B = 0.051, p = 0.366). These findings indicate that while RUGA has the potential to enhance social and community engagement outcomes, its success is hindered by the lack of readiness and acceptance among key stakeholders. The study recommends increased engagement and sensitization efforts to enhance nomads' readiness and local acceptance, ensuring the policy's successful implementation and contribution to inclusive economic development.

Metal matrix composites are an appealing alternative to monolithic metals for a variety of technical applications due to their superior mechanical and physical properties throughout a broad range of operating conditions. In the current study, different weight percentages of 150 µm groundnut shell ash (GNSA) particles (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 25% and 30%) were used to reinforce Al-Mg-Si alloy. Stir-casting was used to prepare the composite in a permanent mild steel mould. A number of the composites' physical, chemical, and microstructural characteristics (density, percentage porosity, XRF and SEM-EDS) were assessed, compared, and analysed with those of the matrix alloy. Oxides that could enhance the composites' mechanical, physical, and structural qualities were found during the structural assessment evaluation of the reinforcement. The microstructural analysis demonstrated that the GNSA reinforcements' secondary phase was uniformly distributed throughout the primary phase of the Al-Mg-Si alloy matrix. The added GNSA particles decreased the produced composite's density below that of the base alloy, and the percentage porosity of the composites rose as the groundnut shell ash content increased and remained within the upper limit allowed for cast aluminium metal matrix composites. The composites that were created showed evidence of intermetallic compound formation.

Grayson Insurance, as the name suggests, is an insurance company, which operates in the U.S and all across Europe. In recent weeks, we conducted an assessment on some of the cybersecurity policies that affect our company, including the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This was followed by conducting a risk assessment on some of the most important information assets that Grayson Insurance uses, including customer data, employee information, patient medical records, and company information. Some of the vulnerabilities that were uncovered from the assessment include phishing attacks, insider threats, data breaches through cyberattacks, and intellectual property theft. The next step is to come up with a Strategic Cybersecurity Plan that is aligned with Grayson Insurance’s business and IT priorities.

Abstract: Linear algebra is a fundamental branch of mathematics that plays a crucial role with a wide range of applications to the natural sciences, to engineering, to computer sciences, to management and social sciences, and more various fields. However, for many students, certain topics within linear algebra including include eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determinants, and abstract vector spaces. can be challenging to grasp. This paper explores nine (9) pedagogical approaches to effectively teach and learn these difficult topics, aiming to enhance students' understanding and retention of linear algebra concepts.

Abstract: The subjective nature of human analysis results in inconsistent decision-making, which seriously jeopardizes the accuracy and fairness of the verdicts in contract disputes. Legal practitioners confront the difficult task of organizing and evaluating numerous precedent/statutes case materials promptly as the amount of contracts keeps increasing. This time constraint not only makes it more difficult to resolve contract issues on time but also makes the legal system more complicated and unclear. There has never been a greater need for contract litigation to undergo an extensive change. The researcher proposed two complementary methods for retrieving legal documents: BM25 and an aggregated Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

Abstract: This study aims at designing and implementing a prototype coin-operated printing kiosk that will be able to run on an SMS notification system and GSM technology in error management and user interaction monitoring. The prototype kiosk was tested using a prototyping design with real customers to gauge accuracy, effectiveness, and learnability metrics. Data collection was done using a modified Prototype Demo Form and questionnaires based on Whiteside, Bennett, and Holtzzblatt's and ISO 9241 usability metrics. Results showed that the kiosk efficiently completes printing tasks and documents copies are well accounted for, and that the kiosk is user-friendly. The findings were that the kiosk offers realistic and convenient printing services within the school campus, therefore cutting down the number of times students need to leave campus over their printing needs.

Abstract: Interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increased dramatically since the launch of ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) in November 2022. While ChatGPT has captured the imagination of students and educators alike, several concerns have also emerged (Torrey et al., 2023). In this study, the researcher conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis that focused mainly to the range of ChatGPT by obtaining interrelated data from peer-reviewed publication or journals searched through the academic databases and meta-search engines (Google Scholar, JSTOR, EBSCO, and OVID). With the initial samples of 21 ChatGPT studies, ten (10) were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Conceptual translation was used to express the research findings. The data from each theme were synthesized and integrated to create a synthesis that represented the category as a whole. ChatGPT is here to stay, and individuals would undoubtedly use it for the rest of their lives. Integrating ChatGPT in a variety of settings, including education, particularly in business courses, offers numerous opportunities to improve learning experiences, personalize instruction, and rethink educators' roles. This change, however, poses restrictions classified as intrinsic and usage-related issues that make assessments, digital literacy, and ethical considerations challenging. To realize ChatGPT's full potential in education and overcome these barriers, stakeholders should develop solutions for ethical and equitable adoption in a naturally based and proactive approach.

In Part 1, several key elements were addressed to enhance the company's cybersecurity posture and align it with its business objectives. The introductory letter outlined the company's recent assessment of cybersecurity policies and vulnerabilities, emphasizing the need for a proactive cybersecurity approach to protect critical information assets. The significance of strong cybersecurity measures in the face of evolving cyber threats was underscored, highlighting the potential catastrophic implications of data breaches. The call to action for all stakeholders to embrace and drive best cybersecurity practices, in line with industry frameworks like the NIST Framework, was also emphasized. The business mission, vision, and values of Grayson Insurance were articulated to communicate the company's core identity and goals from a business perspective. The mission statement emphasized the commitment to offering high-quality service to clients at competitive rates while fostering a friendly and competitive workplace. The vision aimed to position Grayson Insurance as the most empathetic and attentive insurance company, striving to improve skills, offer quality products, and expand customer access. The values of trust, knowledge, connection, teamwork, respect, integrity and professionalism, fun & humor, and commitment underscored the company's commitment to ethical conduct, continuous learning, customer-centric approach, and teamwork. The IT philosophy of Grayson Insurance outlined guiding principles and values influencing the company's approach to information technology and cybersecurity. Embracing digital transformation, cybersecurity classification, risk management, security controls, proactive cybersecurity, and business and IT alignment were highlighted as key focus areas. The adoption of outsourcing for various IT services, implementation of data classification schemes, and deployment of technical solutions like email filtering systems and encryption reflected the company's proactive stance towards cybersecurity. The organizational structure of Grayson Insurance's security team was presented, emphasizing the strategic positioning of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and the delegation of responsibilities across various security roles. Justifications for the organizational chart were provided, highlighting the need for efficient team alignment with the company's cybersecurity requirements. Collaboration with internal and external partners was emphasized to optimize resources and expertise in addressing cybersecurity challenges effectively. Furthermore, the security mission, vision, and core values of Grayson Insurance were outlined to establish principles and objectives for the organization's security practices. The mission emphasized continuous evolution of cybersecurity capabilities to detect, prevent, and respond to cyber threats, while the vision aimed to position Grayson Insurance as a leader in crafting and delivering strong cybersecurity practices. Core values of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability underscored the company's commitment to safeguarding assets, information, and people. Lastly, the security issues and challenges faced by Grayson Insurance, including data privacy and compliance, cyber insurance risks, phishing and social engineering, and supply chain security, were identified. Recommendations for addressing these challenges included prioritizing awareness and training programs for employees, nurturing a security-first culture, and considering the human factor in cybersecurity strategies. The importance of strong leadership in fostering a culture of awareness and responsible technology use was emphasized to mitigate the risks associated with human error in cybersecurity.

Context and Rationale: Word problem-solving in mathematics is a crucial skill for Grade 11 students, as it integrates mathematical concepts with reading comprehension. Many students struggle with word problems, not due to a lack of mathematical ability, but because of difficulties in understanding the problem's text. Research indicates that reading comprehension directly influences the ability to solve word problems effectively (Smith & Jones, 2023). This action research aimed to explore the impact of targeted reading comprehension interventions on improving the word problem-solving skills of Grade 11 students.