Volume 14 Issue 1

Abstract: - High severity crashes involving motorcycles in Malaysia were analyzed to understand the crash characteristics, crash partner, and crash scenarios. This would involve studying how these variables influence the occurrence and severity of fatal crashes. Based on the examination, countermeasures are emphasized from the perspective of technologies, particularly those available on passenger vehicles. The objective of this study is to identify key risk factors and provide insights for improving road safety policies and intervention strategies. The highest age group involved in motorcycle crashes are among 16-20, followed by 21-25. 62.7% occurred in daylight, 90.5% during good weather and 75.4% occurred in midblock. By comparing the engine capacity to the total industry volume, the highest risk is on motorcycles>250 cc, as the production is only 0.29%, but contributes to 4.55% of fatal crashes. The highest crash partners are passenger cars at 30.84%, followed by trucks at 26.64% and single-vehicle accidents at 19.64%.  In single crash accidents, road departure represents 56.7%, and control loss, 43.3%. The mandatory ABS in new motorcycles in Malaysia may help in reducing the number of stability losses during emergency braking. Except for rear-end crashes, passenger cars are the highest collision partner in all crash scenarios. Considering the frequency of crash scenarios and crash compatibility, crash avoidance technologies that could help reduce fatalities include autonomous emergency braking, blind spot detection, and lane-keeping assist.

Abstract: Energy is essential for the growth and improved livelihood of any nation. Nigeria, though blessed with abundance of oil and gas, and has good land mass and natural resources for renewable energy, struggles with energy delivery. Many industries have shut down due to high energy cost or unavailability of the energy required to support their operations. Through critical review of existing studies on the Nigerian energy delivery, this study identified that the Nigerian energy challenges stem from infrastructural issues, environmental degradation, inconsistent government policies, poor regulatory framework and limited investments in renewable energy. However, the challenges can be mitigated if there is renewed policy thrust by the Nigerian government, energy incentives, stakeholders’ involvement in decision-making in the sector and diversification of public power supply into renewable energy. As much as Nigeria still struggles with energy delivery from crude oil and gas, it is obvious that the future of energy delivery in Nigeria lies in resort to renewable energy sources.

Abstract: This article presents a trading strategy that combines the Super Trend indicator with the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to automate market decision-making and enhance trading accuracy. The strategy integrates the SuperTrend indicator, which dynamically tracks market volatility, with the KNN algorithm, allowing the system to classify market trends as bullish, bearish, or neutral based on historical data. This enables the strategy to make intelligent, data-driven decisions in real-time without human intervention. The AI-driven approach automates the entire trading process, from data analysis to trade execution, improving efficiency and removing emotional biases from trading decisions. The KNN algorithm plays a key role in this automation by analyzing past market conditions and identifying patterns that inform future price movements. This allows the system to adapt to changing market trends and react quickly to new data, ensuring timely and accurate decisions. The results of the strategy indicate strong performance, with a Net Profit of 959.38 USD and a Gross Profit of 3,005.71 USD, demonstrating the strategy's ability to generate consistent returns. The Profit Factor of 1.469 further highlights the system's ability to produce profits while managing risk effectively. Additionally, the Sharpe Ratio of 0.558 shows that the strategy provides positive risk-adjusted returns, making it a reliable tool for automated trading. In conclusion, this AI-powered Super Trend-KNN strategy showcases the potential of combining artificial intelligence with technical indicators for automated trading. By eliminating the need for manual intervention and leveraging AI to adapt to market conditions, the strategy provides an efficient and scalable solution for intelligent decision-making in trading.

Abstract: Optical wireless communications are an alternative approach to address the challenges in completing the deployment of terrestrial networks to underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) environments. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a free-space optical (FSO) channel system to feed light-fidelity Li-Fi-closed underwater platforms that, in turn, supply the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) link with the proper communications. The FSO link faces the challenge of attenuation due to the surrounding environment, which in turn negatively affects the communication link reaching the end user underwater via Li-Fi underwater platforms according to the proposed scenario. measurements show a strong signal at the receiver, it indicates that the reflection is effective and that the system can successfully transmit information using NLOS methods. Multipath with apt transmit power and NLOS transmission surface incident angle selection achieved ambitious results and sustainable connectivity even in rainy situations surrounding the FSO system.

Abstract: This article examined the effectiveness of constructive strategies for engaging the public in county governance in Nandi County, Kenya, 2024. It highlighted that the legal and institutional framework has not ensured public participation as intended by the Kenya 2010 constitution. The study’s objectives included examining the effectiveness of constructive strategies for engaging the public in county governance in Nandi County. It utilised Adam Smith’s Rational Choice Model and employed a concurrent mixed research design, incorporating purposive sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, with secondary data from document analysis. Analysis was done using a statistical package for the social sciences for descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was processed through thematic analysis. Devolution in Kenya, implemented in 2013, shifted responsibilities to county governments to enhance transparency and public participation. It allowed citizens to elect local leaders and engage in decision-making, promoting responsive governance. The County Government Act (2012) emphasises timely access to information and the role of non-state actors in fostering citizen involvement. The findings revealed that the most common mode of collaboration was electing project leaders. However, many individuals were unaware of the importance of participation, leading to low engagement, especially in project identification and implementation. The primary source of information on development projects was barazas (public meetings). The study concluded that public participation in development projects is below desired levels as per the County Government Act and recommended that Nandi County should improve public engagement across all sectors for a more significant impact on constructive strategies.              

Abstract: This study examines the impact of short-term debt on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange over an eight-year period (2015–2023). Using a combination of descriptive and causal research designs, the study utilizes secondary data from audited financial statements to investigate the relationship between short-term debt and firm performance, measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The findings reveal a significant but negative correlation between short-term debt and ROA, indicating that higher reliance on short-term financing may adversely affect profitability. Conversely, firm size demonstrates a positive but weak association with performance. Regression analysis confirms that short-term debt and firm size account for 9.9% of the variations in financial performance, highlighting the limited but impactful role of short-term debt in the capital structure. The study shows the need for manufacturing firms to optimize their financing strategies by prioritizing internal funds before resorting to external short-term debt. Recommendations include exploring alternative investment options, diversifying funding sources, and conducting similar studies across other sectors to validate these findings. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on capital structure management in developing economies, providing insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers.

Abstract: This study investigated how school culture affects the relationship between stress levels and conflict management styles. The findings provide valuable information for establishing an intervention strategy in Region XI. The study used a quantitative research strategy, using correlational approaches for analysis. The sample included 400 teachers from Region XI. The data was collected using customized survey questions that were verified for content validity and reliability. The data were then evaluated using a variety of statistical approaches, including Mean, Pearson correlation coefficient, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Path analysis. The findings revealed a considerable reduction in stress levels, with conflict management styles scoring well. Furthermore, school culture was highly regarded. The study found strong connections among the variables, including clear links between stress levels, school culture, and conflict management styles. It also emphasized how school culture acts as a mediator in the relationship between stress and conflict management styles, providing insight into the process that connects stress levels to how disagreements are managed.

Abstract: The study investigated one of the most important international organizations- WEF for public – private cooperation. It includes the mission, the institutional framework, and flagship programs of the World Economic Forum. From the numerous programs The World Economic Outlook, Climate Sustainability, Technology, Innovation and Artificial intelligence, Geopolitical and Global Security, Health and Social Development, Industry and Trade and Global Poverty are represented in detail illustrated with charts. The next focus of the article is on the strategic importance of Armenia’s participation in the annual forums and achieved goals. This paper examines key themes discussed during Armenia’s engagement at the forum, such as economic development, technological innovation, and regional security. The article concludes by highlighting Armenia's GDP growth in the period 2014-2024 as a result of advancing national interest in the WEF. The World Economic Forum provides a platform for nations to foster collaboration, share ideas, discuss global challenges and try to find solutions. Here diversity of thought is respected and voices can be heard. This organization continues to strive for a better world, where cooperation and trust lead to lasting progress.

Abstract: The Automated Solar Powered Charging System Device can be charged and located outside of the building and it is environmentally friendly setup. This research developed and designed an automated solar charging station in teaching Elex Tech 111 – Electronic Devices, Instrument and Circuits and the acceptability was evaluated through an instructional mock-up. Quasi-experiment method particularly survey research was employed involving 25 students, 5 instructors of CTU Tuburan Campus, and 10 experts in the said municipality for evaluation. Data were gathered and treated using weighted mean and t-test. From the findings, a conclusion is drawn despite the limitations of the study that included sample size and generalizability. Firstly, the requirements in the construction of the Automated Solar Charging Station included the preparation of the different parts, namely, the right solar panel, charge controller, photovoltaic battery, inverter, electrical load, and solar panel casing safety. These components were assembled following the different processes involved in making electronic products. Secondly, the Effectiveness of the Design and Installation of An Automated Solar Charging Station as an Instructional Mock-up for the respondents was “Moderately Effective” as perceived by the respondent groups. It was a helpful innovation, especially during this time of high electricity rates among the consumers of charging stations. Lastly, the output is very economical and practical. Therefore, it is concluded that it meets the standards and is precise functional in performing each functions to be used in instructions and is recommended to be adopted and produced for the utilization of the campus-wide.

Abstract: This study provides an in-depth examination of the multifaceted challenges teachers encounter when assessing CAD designs in Harare schools. The research focuses on the diversity of student abilities and learning approaches, highlighting the complexities involved in creating fair and equitable assessments. It explores how educators can balance the need to evaluate both advanced and novice students effectively, ensuring that all students receive a fair assessment of their skills. A significant focus is placed on the inherent subjectivity involved in assessing creative CAD projects. The study investigates the tension between fostering student innovation and adhering to standardized evaluation criteria. This balance is crucial in maintaining both the integrity of the assessment process and the encouragement of student creativity. The study also proposes practical solutions and strategies aimed at helping educators navigate these complexities. this study aims to contribute to the broader understanding of CAD education in high schools, offering insights that can help educators enhance their assessment practices and better support student learning in the field of computer-aided design.

Abstract: This study involves developing a keyless entry system using a smartphone for vehicles. The system comprises a mobile application and apparatus with main and secondary modules. The main module comprises a mini-computer, Bluetooth Low Energy module, NFC module, ultrasonic sensor, and control circuit installed inside the vehicle. Connected to it is the Secondary module comprising a Car Battery voltage reader circuit, EFI and Fuel Pump control circuit, and a microcontroller located inside the vehicle hood. The mobile application connects to the apparatus wirelessly and acts as a key. A chip-enabled card is a backup key in case the Smartphone is unavailable. It can activate the application by tapping the chip-enabled card through the Smartphone's NFC. The participants of the study are the vehicle owners and are determined through purposive sampling, which is important in examining the subject characteristics involved in the study. Experts evaluated the system using the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation Questionnaire. The level of acceptability of the Keyless Entry System using Smartphones in terms of functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability was "Excellent". Upon Overall, the system performed its intended function and extended a vehicle's safety features.

Abstract: One of the most important things in a building construction is the foundation, to prove the strength of the pile foundation that has been worked on at the project site, then further testing will be carried out. In the Class IIa Binjai Penitentiary Residential Block Development Project, a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA Test) test will be carried out. This test is a dynamic test used to see or measure how much the bearing capacity of the pile is, the ultimate axial pressure resistance of a pile and others. This study aims to compare and ensure whether the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA Test) test implementation method carried out on the Class IIa Binjai Penitentiary Residential Block Development Project is in accordance with the regulations referring to SNI 8459: 2017 and the guideline that has been published by the Regulation concerning foundation testing on building structures in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-2847-2013. This study uses a qualitative method, data obtained from observations and interviews with the implementing team in the field and the data can be used as primary data and from the test data, various secondary data specifications. With these two regulations, it will be compared according to the conditions of field work according to the standards referring to the Foundation Test in building structures with the rules of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-2847-2013 and referring to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8459: 2017 concerning the Foundation Test Method in High-Strain Dynamic Pile (HSDP) and PDA test testing including HSDP testing. This discussion will focus on testing the pile foundation after the foundation of the Class IIA Binjai Penitentiary Residential Block Construction is carried out in the field.

Abstract :The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) and rice flour that produced  oyster’s mushroom nugget with the best chemical quality (moisture, ash and protein content) and sensory (color, texture and taste). Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of six treatments (T1=MOCAF 10%:Rice Flour 30%:OM 60 %;T2=MOCAF 16%: Rice Flour 24%:OM 60 %;, T3=MOCAF 22%: Rice Flour 18%:OM 60%; T4=MOCAF 28%: Rice Flour 12%:OM 60%; T5= MOCAF 34%: Rice Flour 6%:OM 60%; T6=MOCAF 40%: Rice Flour 0%:60%) with triplicate. The results of this study showed that the ratio of MOCAF and rice flour that produced the best quality oyster mushroom nuggets for chemical parameters was T1=MOCAF 10%: 30% rice flour: 60% oyster mushroom (water content 61.92%, ash content 1.80 % and protein content of 3.60%, while the organoleptic parameters were T6=40% MOCAF: 0% rice flour: 60% oyster’s mushrooms (color , taste and texture are preferred by the panelists).

Abstract: Market facilitates the trade of goods and services. Similarly, financial market facilitates the sale and purchase of financial assets/instruments. And the financial market comprises two major markets viz., capital market and money market. Capital market is important for mobilizing funds for capital formation and investments, and forms a very vital link for economic development of any country. It (i.e., capital market) provides ways for issuers to mobilize capital from investor. The primary objective of the study is to assess and analyse the level of awareness among the respondents about capital market operations and different investment avenues. The study is based on the data/material collected from both primary and secondary sources. Random sampling method is used to select the respondents. And the sample size is 100 selected from different categories of investors and investment advisors. The major findings of the study are majority of the respondents prefer life insurance policies and bank deposit schemes for their investment. Real estate, gold, government bond and co-operative societies (shares) are also preferred investment avenues. Majority of the respondents are investing for medium (1 – 3 years) to long term (3 years and more). And the remaining is investing for less-than one-year period. Finally the outcome of the research is concluded as follows The retail investors from Shivamogga city have certain problems as can be seen other parts of the state/country. In spite of these problems, investment in capital market is slowly picking up. While knowledgeable investors have remained in the market for long, others forget it and exit. This situation has to improve.

Abstract: The research aims to establish a robust autonomous navigation system for differential drive mobile robots, leveraging URDF modeling, SLAM techniques, AMCL, Gazebo simulation, and RViz2 visualization. The central objective is to enable robots to autonomously perceive their surroundings, construct accurate maps, self-localize, and navigate. The integration of URDF defines robot attributes, SLAM produces precise maps, and AMCL ensures reliable localization. Gazebo facilitates testing, while RViz2 provides real-time visualization. The outcome is an efficient navigation system empowering robots to independently navigate intricate environments. Beyond warehousing, applications span service robotics, exploration, and environmental monitoring. The research's significance lies in addressing a fundamental robotics challenge, advancing autonomous mobility across sectors. The approach's efficacy is validated through testing, with potential contributions to robotics research and real-world applications. achieved 97% mapping accuracy with a 5% deviation in simulated environments.

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the project designed to bridge learning gaps in the Strengthened Technical Vocational Education Program (STVEP) - Shielded Metal Arc Welding NCII. Through the introduction of code-switched self-learning modules (SLMs), the project sought to improve learners' understanding and academic performance by reducing the difficulties technical vocabulary presents. The study used stratified sampling to get the right number of respondents per STVEP schools. A quasi-experimental design was used, with 79 participants. Data collection involved scores from written work (quizzes, essays, reports), performance assessments, and final examination results. Pre- and post-implementation scores were compared using a T-test to establish whether there was a significant difference. A significant improvement in Written Work Percentage Scores was shown (M=11.229; SD=5.546; F(1,78)=-17.994, p≤.005) as well as in Performance Scores (M=-4.37848; SD=5.27115; F(1,78)=-7.383, p≤.005). Moreover, Quarterly Scores manifested more competency growth (M=90.0380; SD=2.74768). The study found that the main problem for completing a task was technical vocabulary - 91.5% of the respondents experienced this challenge. After intervention, it was shown that 92.1% of learners were more independent when performing tasks. This suggests the effectiveness of code-switched SLMs in improving comprehension, skills acquisition, and learner autonomy. The findings, therefore, suggest that technical vocational education may have relevance for enhancement through linguistic adaptations.

Abstract: The study examined external auditor attributes and financial reporting quality of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Specifically, the study focused on audit fees, and auditors’ industry specialization as a dependent variable and financial reporting quality as independent variable. Ex-post facto research design was adopted. The population included all 44 quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria out of which 10 were selected as sample size of the study. The study covered the period from 2014 to 2023 and utilized secondary data extracted from the annual accounts of the companies for the period of the study. The study employed the use of descriptive statistics, correlation and panel regression analysis techniques to analyze the data with the aid of STATA version 16. From the regression results, it was revealed that audit fees and auditor industry specialization have statistically positive significant effect on financial reporting quality of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that external auditor attributes have strong explanatory power in determining the quality of financial reporting of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that given the complex nature of the manufacturing companies they should insist on hiring industry specialist auditors. Even, the “Code” stipulates that in order to ensure quality audit outcomes, the engagement partner and audit team should possess the knowledge, relevant skills and experience. The findings from this study have implication to the policy makers and auditors. The findings implied that auditors fee and auditor industry specialization matter with regard the quality of financial reporting. Therefore, the regulators concern over the auditor fee and auditor industry specialization is a major problem in the listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria.

Abstract: Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is an innovative technology enabling efficient and contactless energy transmission, with applications spanning consumer electronics, medical devices, and electric vehicles. This study focuses on optimizing WPT efficiency by analysing the impact of coil geometry, material properties, and system parameters. Three coil designs: planar spiral, helical spiral, and rectangular were evaluated through simulation to determine their energy transfer efficiency over varying distances. The results indicate that the helical spiral coil, made of copper, exhibited the highest efficiency, exceeding 90% at short distances and maintaining superior performance compared to other geometries as transmission distance increased. This advantage is attributed to its stronger magnetic coupling, reduced resistive losses, and more uniform electromagnetic field distribution. These findings underscore the importance of coil design optimization in maximizing WPT performance and provide valuable insights for developing high-efficiency wireless energy systems across various applications.

Abstract – Child protection and well-being are subjects close to the heart of many communities across the globe, with awareness of abuse, neglect, and rape cases on the rise. In Bani, Pangasinan, child protection remains challenging for the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO), primarily due to personnel constraints and the manual paper-based reporting process. This paper describes the design and development of E-Ligtas: A Reporting System for Child at Risk Cases for the MSWDO in Bani, Pangasinan, to help the MSWDO staff in gathering reports efficiently. The system features Case Reporting, a Case Status Tracker, a Homepage for Information Dissemination, and Case Tally by Barangay, improving accuracy in data and response time. This research used developmental and descriptive strategy, including system usability testing through a survey questionnaire distributed to MSWDO personnel. Using a web-based platform and mobile-responsive reporting would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of child protection processes, reducing manual methods. E-Ligtas can also be an effective tool, which the MSWDO can use to improve child protection and might inspire others in other regions to follow.

The Academic Study Plan Recommender and Simulator System introduces an innovative approach to academic planning, combining Forward Chaining and Heuristic Algorithms to generate personalized and optimized study plans. Forward Chaining enables the dynamic evolution of plans by iteratively applying rules based on individual academic goals, elective preferences, and constraints. Heuristic Algorithms enhance this process by prioritizing courses based on factors such as relevance, difficulty, and scheduling, ensuring optimal decision-making and improved user satisfaction. The system’s simulator component further empowers students by enabling them to explore various academic scenarios and adapt to changes like elective choices or shifts in majors. Feedback from IT experts revealed a 90% call for algorithmic improvements, emphasizing the need for enhanced reliability and performance, even though satisfaction with the system reached 76.8%. Functional suitability received an overall satisfaction rating of 4.27, with high ratings for functional correctness and appropriateness from both faculty and irregular students. Performance efficiency and usability achieved similarly strong ratings, averaging 4.26 and 4.21, respectively. Key usability factors like appropriateness recognizability, operability, and user interface design contributed significantly to user satisfaction. Additionally, reliability and security scored highly, averaging 4.40 and 4.26, underscoring the system's dependable and secure operations. Flexibility and compatibility were also commended, with average ratings of 4.27, reflecting the system’s adaptability and seamless integration with other tools and processes. Maintainability received a high score of 4.23, demonstrating the system’s ease of modification and testing. Faculty and irregular students particularly appreciated features such as modularity, operability, and learnability, which align with studies highlighting the importance of these factors in educational technologies. By digitizing the academic planning process, the system reduces manual effort for instructors and students while delivering accurate, adaptive study plans tailored to individual needs. The results affirm the system’s capability to enhance user experiences and support educational success through personalized and optimized planning

This study explored the mechanical properties of both treated and untreated rattan cane (Calamus longippina) integrated with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composite. The composite was produced by mixing different amounts (5-40 g) of rattan powder, under 180 microns in size, into 40 g of LDPE. The mechanical properties of the treated and untreated composites were analyzed. The tensile strength of LDPE was reduced by 59.36% for untreated composites and 62.56% for treated ones with the addition of rattan cane filler. The elongation at break decreased by 70.82% for untreated and 69.5% for treated composites. The Young's modulus increased by 68.85% for untreated and 69.70% for treated composites as the filler content increased. Impact strength declined with higher filler content by 68.96% for untreated and 69.36% for treated composites. Hardness improved with higher filler content by 57.04% for untreated and 57.36% for treated composites. Flexural strength dropped by 59.33% for untreated and 60.69% for treated composites as filler content increased. The composite's weight loss increased with more filler, reaching a maximum of 3.7% in soil burial tests at 40% filler content. Water absorption rose with more filler, peaking at 13.18% for the 40% filler content. Adding rattan powder enhanced the mechanical properties initially, but further additions led to a decline as LDPE could not effectively transfer the load between fibers. Overall, treated composites showed better mechanical properties compared to untreated ones.

The exposure rates at the Niger Delta University sculpture gardens have been measured and excess lifetime cancer risk has also been determined. Measurement of exposure rate was carried out in a total of twenty points around the garden using a portable hand-held radiation detector, radalert 100X. Results show averages of exposure rate, absorbed dose, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk as 0.012 mRh-1, 107.9 nGyh-1, 0.132 mSvy-1 and 0.162 x 10-3 respectively. All averages, except for absorbed dose rate, were below world average. The results show low radiation level in the materials used in sculptures at the garden. However, this low level can pose specific health risks after prolonged exposure. There is the need to begin to apply caution in the consideration of materials used for building the sculptures so as to avoid the introduction of radioactive elements into the garden. Conclusively. the study suggests that the Niger Delta University sculpture garden is relatively safe for public use.

In today’s digital era, online enrollment systems play a crucial role in addressing inefficiencies associated with traditional manual enrollment processes, which are often hindered by long queues, repetitive procedures, and errors caused by illegible handwriting and manual data entry. This study focuses on designing and developing an Online Enrollment System tailored specifically for students and administrative staff at Asbury College Incorporated, with the goal of enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and user experience. By implementing an online platform, the system eliminates the need for physical forms, streamlines enrollment procedures, and provides users with a more convenient and accessible way to enroll for courses. The system was developed using the Agile methodology, which emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative improvement. Key features include student enrollment, course selection, schedule management, grade viewing, and subject management to ensure organized course offerings and curriculum structure. Surveys and interviews conducted with students, faculty, and administrative staff provided valuable insights that informed the system’s design, while flowcharts and diagrams guided its development. The system’s effectiveness was assessed based on the ISO-9126-1 software quality model, evaluating functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. Results showed that the system successfully minimized errors, reduced waiting times, and optimized administrative tasks, achieving an overall weighted mean score of 4.29, interpreted as “Excellent”. Despite its success, the lack of an online payment feature was identified as a limitation, highlighting the need for future enhancements. The study concludes that the Online Enrollment System is a reliable, efficient, and user-friendly solution that significantly improves enrollment operations and user satisfaction. Recommendations for future development include integrating an online payment system, providing user training, and conducting further research to enhance system security and performance.

Abstract: Evaluating the complexity of the water system is essential to balance its utilization, maintenance, and management. A quantitative description of the drainage system, an essential aspect of the characteristics of a basin, can be assessed by the morphometric characteristics at a defined scale. Morphometric analysis quantitatively studies landforms' physical dimensions and characteristics within a drainage basin. The Madhupur Tract, a large upland area in central Bangladesh, is surrounded by the Jamuna-Brahmaputra River floodplain. Geologically, the Madhupur Tract predominantly consists of older Pleistocene deposits, with a mix of clay, silt, and sand. The drainage pattern in the Madhupur Tract is primarily dendritic, resembling a tree-like structure. Madhupur Tract Drainage Basin is a basin with 9,025 streams of different order, covering an area of almost 3,677 km2. It is very elongated in shape with rapid discharge in a short period. Lower-order streams are high in number, probably due to the elevated nature of the area. A gradual decrease in the number of streams can be seen inversely decreasing with increasing stream order. The consistent decrease in the number of streams in relation to stream order throughout the basin indicates the dominance of erosional landforms. The changes in stream length ratio throughout the basin show that the area is in the early stages of irregular hydrological behavior. The overall drainage density of the Madhupur Tract Basin is high in lower reaches, indicating less porous rock in the bed surface, high slope, and high-water flow regimes. The low form factor value indicated the elongated nature of basins with low peak flow for longer. Flood flows of elongated basins can be more easily managed than circular basins. The relief ratio of Madhupur Tract Basin was measured to be around 0.156, apparently very low, indicating minimal elevation differences with a relatively flat or gently undulating terrain. The ruggedness number of the Madhupur Tract Basin is 33.54. A low ruggedness indicates a relatively smooth and uniform landscape with gradual elevation changes. Both surface water and groundwater interactions influence the Madhupur Tract's drainage system. The lateritic formations in the region contribute to the formation of aquifers, affecting the groundwater flow and the overall drainage dynamics.

Abstract: The VanGO Alaminos to Dagupan Van scheduling, queuing, and booking system for convenience commuters addresses the challenges faced by van drivers, dispatchers, and commuters along the route, focusing on enhancing transportation efficiency and improving the overall travel experience. Using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology, this study aims to design and develop a strong system that integrates key features such as real-time updates on van locations, efficient route optimization, and reliable scheduling algorithms. Through interviews, observations, and literature review, insights were gathered into the commuting experience and operational challenges along the specified route. A purposive sampling method was employed to select respondents, resulting in a total of 50 participants including commuters and van drivers/dispatchers. The system's acceptance level will be evaluated using a Likert Scale survey questionnaire, and statistical analysis will be conducted to validate usability and performance. By addressing the inefficiencies in van scheduling, queuing, and booking processes, this study contributes to the improvement of transportation systems and enhances commuter satisfaction along the Alaminos to Dagupan route.

This study investigates the transformative impact of online platforms on the contemporary art world, with a focus on the Alaminos City Painters Association's efforts to enhance their digital presence through the ARXX platform. It aims to address the need for local artists to gain visibility and connect with clients in a digital landscape. The research question centers on how digital platforms can empower artists and foster community engagement. Utilizing a descriptive and developmental research approach, the Alaminos City Painters Association's processes were analyzed through structured interviews and stakeholder consultations to identify necessary features for clients seeking artistic services. Additionally, the ARXX platform's acceptability was assessed through surveys and usability testing. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the adoption of digital platforms and enhanced visibility for local artists. Stakeholders expressed enthusiasm for the ARXX platform, citing its potential to promote the association, showcase artists' work, and facilitate smooth transactions between artists and clients. The discussion explores the wider implications of the study, highlighting its ability to empower local artists, promote artistic development, and encourage community involvement. By connecting artists and clients through digital platforms, the study emphasizes the transformative power of online initiatives in revitalizing the art ecosystem. Therefore, the study underscores the potential of digital platforms to transform the art industry, promoting artistic growth and community engagement, and suggests future research on their long-term effects.

Abstract: The focal point of this study is to analyse the workings of a glycol dehydration unit in a natural gas plant and minimize the losses in the triethylene glycol solvent at the optimal operating conditions, by using Aspen HYSYS to simulate the plant, and to suggest different optimization paths that maximize the profit or functionality of the plant. The simulation was conducted in the steady-state mode by relying on the data provided from real data by the natural gas plant to establish a model that reflected the results seen in the actual plant accurately. On validation, the case studies were established by choosing the prominent operating conditions and gauging their effects on the characteristic process outputs of a dehydration unit. Furthermore, to find the optimum conditions to maximize the profit or functionality, 350,640 HYSYS cases were conducted to record the data of every possible sensible combination of operating conditions, then the weighted normalized method was applied to find the optimum conditions. Six alternatives were generated depending on the optimization problem. Among the suggested alternatives, two cases were recommended based on the objective function, where the first objective function was to provide the maximum profit, with 923 $/h over the base case, and the second objective function was to provide the minimum moisture content of 0.00014% wt., which eventually provides a less profit, thus only being recommended for processes that require extreme drying.

Abstract: Wellington And Palu Cities Are Passed By A Normal Type Fault, The Population Is Around 400 Thousand People, Including A Medium City And Water Front City Predicate On The Bay Area So It Is Vulnerable To Tsunami Disasters Due To Tectonic Earthquakes. Wellington Has Been Categorized As A Resilience City But Palu Has Not. Based On This, Palu Needs To Learn A Lot About Disaster Management From Wellington, Including Building Infrastructure That Is Resistant To Earthquake Disasters. This Article Compares The Geological Conditions, Disaster Risks Including Hazard, Vulnerable And Capacity Of The Two Cities. Observing The Many Similarities Between The Two Cities, There Are Certainly Many Lessons That Can Be Used In Managing Earthquake Disasters And Their Secondary Impacts So That Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts Can Be Achieved Optimally. The Condition Of The City Of Palu 6 Years After The Earthquake Disaster Of 28 September 2018, The Recovery Process Is Quite Significant. The Reconstruction Of Infrastructure Is Similarity To Conditions In Wellington After The 2011-2012 Sequel Christchurch Earthquakes. The Rehabilitation And Reconstruction Of Hospital Buildings, Schools, Bridges And Viaducts, Airports And Other Infrastructure Have Been Partially Completed. An Important Note That Is An Obstacle To The Recovery Process Is The Availability Of Fast And Accurate Data On Building Damage, Relocation Locations, Covid-19 And The Relatively Long Duration Reconstruction Progress.

This paper examines the effect of digitalization of accounting practices on financial reporting quality in Nigeria. A web-based self-completing questionnaire (Google form) was used to gather primary data from a sample of 372 registered and active members of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN). A survey research methodology was used. A total of 352 completed questionnaires were utilised for analysis. Software such as SPSS and SPSS AMOS were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that artificial intelligence significantly and favourably affects the quality of financial reporting.  On the other hand, the study shows that blockchain technology has negative and insignificant impact on quality of financial reporting in Nigeria. This implies that in order for accountants to remain relevant in the accounting profession they must urgently abreast themselves with these emerging technologies. The paper recommends that entity managers should give top priority to implementing and incorporating of cutting-edge digital technology, such as artificial intelligence, into their accounting procedures. Accounting professionals are also encouraged to keep up with the latest developments in digital tools and technologies that can improve the quality of their work and financial reporting. Policymakers should create and enforce rules and regulations that promote the use of digital tools and technologies in accounting practices.  Finally, stakeholders should continue to be receptive to the possibilities of block chain technology and stay up to date on any advancement that may affect its usefulness in financial reporting.

This paper examines the socio-economic impacts and challenges of electrifying remote rural areas in Tanzania using mini-grid systems, focusing on the Kuruti Island project in the Pwani Region. Renewable energy-based mini-grids, particularly solar-powered systems, offer a viable solution to improve energy access in off-grid communities. The study reveals significant socio-economic benefits, including enhanced livelihoods, local business growth, improved healthcare and education services, and increased productivity, especially in the fishing industry. However, challenges such as affordability, long-term system maintenance, and limited technical capacity persist. Key policy recommendations include the need for flexible payment schemes, community engagement, hybrid energy solutions, and ongoing technical training to ensure sustainability. Additionally, the paper suggests future research into innovative financing models, scaling of mini-grid projects, and productive energy uses to drive rural development. The Kuruti Island case study provides practical lessons for similar electrification efforts in Tanzania and other developing regions, emphasizing the importance of tailored energy solutions that meet local socio-economic needs.

The 21st Century demands have brought a positive wave in the classroom through the coming in of the digital initiatives. This paper investigates the role of digital initiatives in education, concentrating on how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) influences classroom teaching and learning within the context of Education 5.0. As the educational landscape changes, the integration of ICT has become essential for improving teaching practices and engaging learners. This research looks into how ICT tools enable interactive learning environments, support collaborative learning, and offer access to a wide range of educational resources. Furthermore, it underscores the obstacles educators encounter when trying to incorporate these technologies and emphasizes the necessity for professional development to successfully integrate ICT into educational programs. By utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study seeks to shed light on the transformative capabilities of ICT in creating a more dynamic and inclusive educational experience, ultimately aiding in the achievement of the objectives of Education 5.0.

This study introduces SeaSharp, a gamified web-based platform designed to enhance C# programming education for Information Technology students at Pangasinan State University, Alaminos City Campus. By incorporating immersive narratives, interactive coding challenges, and game mechanics such as levels, rewards, and leaderboards, SeaSharp aims to improve student engagement, motivation, and comprehension. The platform is designed using a User-Centered Design approach and integrates the Mechanics, Dynamics, and Aesthetics  framework to ensure a structured and engaging learning experience. This study presents main objectives include developing a compelling storyline, implementing innovative game mechanics, and integrating gamification principles to create an interactive and personalized learning environment. Additionally, this paper presents the acceptance level of the platform among students. Surveys and usability testing conducted with both students and instructors revealed significant improvements in motivation, participation, and problem-solving skills. Respondents highlighted the platform’s accessibility, interactivity, and ability to cater to diverse educational needs. By making complex programming concepts more engaging and intuitive, SeaSharp provides an effective alternative to traditional teaching methods. The integration of immediate feedback, structured progression, and interactive challenges fosters a deeper understanding of C# programming. The platform's success underscores the transformative potential of gamification in programming education. Future recommendations include expanding SeaSharp to cover advanced programming topics and integrating real-time analytics for adaptive feedback, further optimizing learning outcomes.

Object tracking and distance measurement play a vital role in robotics and drones. It is often challenging to measure the distance of a target object in an environment by just using a single-vision camera. This paper discusses the development of a fiducial marker-based object tracking and distance measurement system. Fiducial marker detection uses the ArUco method based on the OpenCV library and Python 3.x. The hardware consists of an Arduino, a single-vision camera, and two servos as an actuator for tracking. A mathematical equation is derived to measure the real-time distance of the marker by using a single camera and adjusting the frame size and the camera output colors to increase the detection method’s performance. OpenCV is used to find the center coordinates of the bounding box, and a tracking algorithm is applied to give pan/tilt angles to the servos. Finally, to stabilize the tracking mechanism, an acceptable error is defined. The accuracy of the system is measured by performing 100 trials, and the results show a good accuracy for the system when tracking the ArUco marker. The system is highly beneficial for indoor mobile robot navigation and drone applications

Introduction A variety of definitions surrounding green marketing have been established, with some definitions emphasizing the promotion of environmentally friendly goods, while others encompass a broader notion that includes sustainable production methods and dedication to corporate social responsibility. However, this investigation improves five specific practices identified within green marketing: the creation of eco-friendly products, the prioritization of energy efficiency, the incorporation of sustainable materials, the removal and proper management of hazardous substances, and the practice of documenting consumer awareness. The study aims to analyze how these practices impact the formulation and distribution of marketing messages, particularly noting clear indicators such as green labels and eco-friendly claims. It is anticipated that investigating these facets of green marketing will reinforce awareness of sustainable purchasing habits and provide valuable insights that could contribute significantly to the existing academic discourse on the matter. (Mohammad et al.2023)

The accuracy of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) estimates is crucial for assessing student academic performance. However, the choice of allocation method in stratified random sampling can significantly impact the precision of these estimates. This study compares the efficiency of equal and proportional allocation methods in estimating CGPA using a stratified random sampling approach. The study focuses on the College of Biological Sciences and the College of Physical Sciences at Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, analyzing CGPA data from ten departments over four academic sessions (2018-2022). The results showed that both methods provided reasonably stable estimates of CGPA, with minimal variation across colleges and sessions. However, equal allocation tended to provide slightly more precise estimates, as evidenced by lower variance and coefficient of variation (CV) values. The study also revealed that students from the College of Biological Sciences tended to have higher mean CGPA compared to students from the College of Physical Sciences. The findings suggest that both allocation methods can be effective in estimating CGPA, although equal allocation may have a slight advantage in terms of precision. The results highlight the importance of considering the specific research context and objectives when choosing an allocation method. This study contributes to the existing literature on sampling methods and provides insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to improve the accuracy of CGPA estimates

Abstract: The Ebira-tao people of Nigeria, comprising predominantly peasant masses, unemployed youths, and struggling graduates, face significant socio-political challenges rooted in leadership and followership dynamics. While previous studies have largely emphasized leadership failures, this research examines the shared responsibilities of leaders and followers, identifying the underlying causes and impacts of maladministration. Using Burn's Transformational Leadership Theory, which advocates for mutual moral and motivational elevation between leaders and followers, the study employed a mixed-method approach. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and questionnaires administered to key informants, including local government officials, traditional rulers, and religious leaders. Out of 430 distributed questionnaires, 400 were properly filled and analyzed, revealing that self-interest, lack of vision, corruption, inefficient social policies, and socio-political unrest were primary contributors to governance failure among the Ebira-tao people. The study found that bad governance has led to socio-ethical consequences such as poverty, moral decay, and socio-political instability. Respondents highlighted that the empowerment of morally deficient individuals and poor advisory structures have further exacerbated these issues, drawing parallels with the reign of King Rehoboam in biblical times. To address these challenges, the study recommends moral re-orientation and socio-political reconstruction for leaders and followers alike, emphasizing the need for accountability, vision, and ethical governance to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life for the Ebira-tao people.